Among the many cannabinoids in the cannabis plant, cannabidiol (CBD) is a compound that does not produce the typical subjective effects of marijuana. After a boom in the 1970s, the number of studies on CBD over the two decades that followed became stable, indicating a fall in the interest for the study of the therapeutic actions of this cannabinoid. Although a few groups continued to provide sparse contributions on the subject, much of the production in the field was limited to investigations of the anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antipsychotic properties of CBD performed by Brazilian researchers. A non-systematic search was performed for studies dealing with therapeutic applications of CBD, especially performed by Brazilian researchers. CBD was shown to have anxiolytic, antipsychotic and neuroprotective properties. In addition, basic and clinical investigations on the effects of CBD have been carried out in the context of many other health conditions, including its potential use in epilepsy, substance abuse and dependence, schizophrenia, social phobia, post-traumatic stress, depression, bipolar disorder, sleep disorders, and Parkinson. CBD is an useful and promising molecule that may help patients with a number of clinical conditions. Controlled clinical trials with different neuropsychiatric populations that are currently under investigation should bring important answers in the near future and support the translation of research findings to clinical settings.
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